Antitumor/Anticancer Activity
Fucoidan is known to possess antitumor/anticancer activities.
Han et al. (2008) found that fucoidan exhibited a significant anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and gastric cancer cell line (AGS).
A large number of studies have shown that oversulfated fucoidan in brown seaweeds exhibits antiproliferative activity by inhibiting the angiogenesis around the tumor cells and blocking the infiltration and metastasis of the tumor cells (Matou et al., 2002; Koyanagi et al., 2003).

Their results indicated that the oversulfated fucoidan induced apoptosis via MAPK-dependent pathways. Both natural and oversulfated fucoidans significantly suppressed the mitogenic and chemotactic actions of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) on HUVEC by preventing the binding of VEGF165 to its cell surface receptor.
The oversulfated fucoidan has also been found to exert remarkable growth-inhibitory activities on Sarcoma-180 cells and possess antitumor activity against L-1210 leukemia cells in mice.
The antitumor activity of fucoidan in PC-3, HeLa, and HepG2 cancer cells is in similar pattern, where results demonstrated that sulfation played an essential role in antitumor activity.
Takeda et al. (2012) reported that the antitumor activity of fucoidan in Sarcoma-180 cells is mediated through increasing NO production by fucoidan-stimulated macrophages via nuclear factor–dependent signaling pathway.

Fucoidan exerted a potent inhibitory effect on EGF-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is one of the receptor tyrosine kinases and plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation.
Nagamine et al. (2009) demonstrated that fucoidan modulates the expression of chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and exerts antitumor activity in Huh7 hepatoma cells.
Yang et al. (2008) confirmed that fucoidan isolated from Undaria pinnatifida induced apoptosis of mouse liver cancer cells in vitro via downregulation of apoptosis protein Survivin and Bel-2 expression.
Koyanagi et al. (2003) showed that the antitumor effect of fucoidan is due to its antiangiogenesis activity.

Immune regulation is one of the main mechanisms of many antitumor effects.
Maruyama et al. (2006) studied the effects of dietary Mekabu fucoidan on the tumor growth of mouse A20 leukemia cells and on T cell–mediated immune responses in T cell receptor transgenic mice.
Results suggested that Mekabu fucoidan mediated tumor destruction through Th1 cell and NK cell response.


P. Déléris, ... J.-M. Bard, in Seaweed in Health and Disease Prevention, 2016
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/fucoidan






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